What is true about tumor suppressor genes when they are functioning properly?

When tumor suppressor genes are functioning properly, they play a crucial role in regulating cell growth and maintaining genomic stability. One of their primary functions is to prevent tumor development by inhibiting uncontrolled cell division and promoting apoptosis, or programmed cell death, in damaged cells. This regulatory mechanism is essential for preventing the development of tumors, as it helps eliminate cells that could proliferate abnormally.

In a healthy system, these genes act as brakes on the cell cycle, ensuring that cells do not divide excessively and that any genetic anomalies that might arise do not lead to cancerous growth. Proper functioning of tumor suppressor genes is vital for maintaining cellular homeostasis and preventing the transition of normal cells into malignant cells.