What anatomical structures are removed during a Whipple procedure?

The Whipple procedure, also known as pancreaticoduodenectomy, is a complex surgical operation primarily performed to treat tumors located in the head of the pancreas or in cases of pancreatic cancer. This procedure involves the careful removal of specific anatomical structures vital to the digestive system and bile drainage.

The correct answer highlights that during a Whipple procedure, the head of the pancreas, bile duct, and duodenum are removed. The head of the pancreas is the part of the pancreas where tumors are most commonly found in pancreatic cancer, making this procedure crucial for both curative and palliative intentions. The bile duct is removed because it often runs through the head of the pancreas and is affected when pancreatic cancer is present. The duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine, is also removed due to its close proximity to the head of the pancreas and its role in digestion.

In contrast to the other options, the removal of the stomach and intestines does not accurately describe the Whipple procedure. This procedure preserves the remaining stomach and intestines, allowing for continued digestion post-surgery. Similarly, the liver and gallbladder do not form part of the procedure, although the gallbladder can be affected in certain conditions related to pancreatic cancer.